Medical Bills, PIP & Med-Pay After a Crash

52 guides on medical bills, pip & med-pay after a crash for car accident victims.

Who Pays Your Medical Bills After a Car Accident

Medical bills after a crash get paid through a mix of health insurance, PIP, and med-pay, with Medicare, Medicaid, and hospital liens often clawing back a share later. Here's how the whole system fits together, and where the rules change state to state.

10 min read California

PIP and Med-Pay rules in California

California isn't a no-fault state, so there's no PIP here. Your medical bills after a crash run through liability, optional MedPay, and UM/UIM coverage, all shaped by California's made-whole rule.

6 min read Kansas

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Kansas

In Kansas your own PIP coverage pays your crash injuries first, no matter who was at fault. Here are the exact benefit amounts, deadlines, and the threshold you must clear before you can sue for pain and suffering.

6 min read Colorado

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Colorado

Colorado dropped no-fault in 2003, so there's no PIP here. This guide breaks down the state's MedPay rules: the $5,000 insurers must offer, the written-rejection requirement, and the made-whole protection that keeps the money yours.

5 min read Idaho

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Idaho

Idaho is a tort state with no PIP. Here is how optional medical payments coverage really works, including the subrogation catch and the deadlines that control your claim.

6 min read Hawaii

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Hawaii

Hawaii is a no-fault state: your own PIP pays first, up to a $10,000 minimum. Here are the exact Hawaii rules, from the 30-day payment deadline to the $5,000 threshold to sue.

6 min read Georgia

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Georgia

Georgia repealed no-fault PIP in 1991, so medical bills after a crash fall to optional MedPay, your health insurer, and the at-fault driver's policy. Here's how the numbers and deadlines actually work.

6 min read Florida

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Florida

Florida requires $10,000 of PIP, but you only reach that full limit with a certified emergency medical condition, and only if you get care within 14 days. Here is how PIP and optional Med-Pay actually pay out.

6 min read Connecticut

PIP and med-pay rules in Connecticut

Connecticut repealed no-fault in 1994, so there is no mandatory PIP. Here is how crash medical bills actually get paid, the coverage the law requires, and the filing deadline that governs your case.

6 min read Arkansas

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Arkansas

Arkansas is an add-on state, so your own policy pays first-party medical and wage-loss benefits regardless of fault, and you still keep the right to sue the at-fault driver. Here are the exact rules and numbers.

6 min read Alabama

PIP and Med-Pay Rules in Alabama

Alabama is a fault state, so there's no PIP and no requirement to carry med-pay. The coverage that actually pays your medical bills after a crash is the med-pay and UM/UIM you chose before it.

6 min read Delaware

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Delaware

Delaware makes PIP mandatory on every registered vehicle: $15,000/$30,000 for medical bills and lost wages, paid regardless of fault. Here are the exact rules, deadlines, and how Med-Pay fits in.

6 min read Alaska

PIP and med-pay rules in Alaska

Alaska has no PIP and no no-fault system. Here is how medical payments coverage, UM/UIM, and Alaska's at-fault rules actually decide who pays your medical bills after a crash.

6 min read Arizona

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Arizona

Arizona has no PIP and no no-fault coverage. Here's how optional med-pay actually works after a crash, including the $5,000 lien cap that lets you keep the first $5,000 of benefits.

6 min read Vermont

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Vermont

Vermont has no PIP requirement and no no-fault system. Here's how Med-Pay actually works after a crash, what the law requires, and how injury bills get paid.

6 min read Texas

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Texas

In Texas, PIP is bundled into every auto policy by default and pays your medical bills and lost wages regardless of fault, unless you rejected it in writing. Here's what PIP and med-pay actually cover, what the $2,500 minimum means, and how they fit your larger claim.

6 min read West Virginia

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in West Virginia

West Virginia has no personal injury protection and isn't a no-fault state, so med-pay is an optional add-on and the at-fault driver pays for your injuries. Here's how med-pay, UM/UIM, and the state's made-whole rule actually work after a crash.

6 min read Wyoming

PIP and med-pay rules in Wyoming

Wyoming has no PIP and no no-fault insurance. Here's how med-pay, the 25/50/20 minimums, UM and UIM, and the four-year deadline actually decide who pays your crash bills.

6 min read District Of Columbia

PIP and med-pay rules in the District of Columbia

The District gives crash victims a choice: fast no-fault PIP benefits or the right to sue, with a 60-day clock on the decision. Here is how the numbers and deadlines actually work.

6 min read Wisconsin

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a tort state with no PIP, so medical payments coverage is optional. Here's how MedPay, the made-whole doctrine, and the collateral source rule actually work after a Wisconsin crash.

6 min read Washington

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Washington

In Washington, PIP pays your crash medical bills first, no matter who was at fault, but only if you never rejected it in writing. Here are the exact benefit limits, deadlines, and the reimbursement rules that decide how much your insurer can claw back.

6 min read Utah

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Utah

Utah requires PIP on nearly every car policy. Here's exactly what it pays, how fast, where Med-Pay fits, and the $3,000 threshold you must clear to sue the at-fault driver.

6 min read Tennessee

PIP and Med-Pay Rules in Tennessee

Tennessee doesn't require PIP and isn't a no-fault state, so your own auto policy won't automatically pay your crash bills. Here's how Med-Pay, health insurance, UM/UIM, and Tennessee's made-whole doctrine actually work.

6 min read South Dakota

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in South Dakota

South Dakota is an at-fault state with no PIP requirement and only optional Med-Pay. Here's what actually pays your medical bills after a crash, and the state rules that shape the claim.

6 min read Virginia

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Virginia

Virginia doesn't require PIP. The first-party coverage that fills its place is optional Med Pay under Va. Code § 38.2-2201, and Virginia's rules on limits, subrogation, and stacking make it work differently than most states.

6 min read Rhode Island

PIP and med-pay rules in Rhode Island

Rhode Island is a tort state with no PIP requirement. Here is how optional MedPay, the collateral source rule, the made-whole doctrine, and UM/UIM actually work after a crash.

6 min read North Dakota

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in North Dakota

North Dakota runs on no-fault, so your own PIP pays your medical bills and lost wages up to $30,000 after a crash, no matter who was at fault. Here are the exact limits, the 30-day payment deadline, and the serious-injury test that decides when you can sue.

6 min read Oregon

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Oregon

Oregon requires PIP on every private passenger auto policy. Here are the exact benefit amounts, billing caps, reimbursement rules, and deadlines, cited to the statutes.

6 min read North Carolina

PIP and Med-Pay rules in North Carolina

North Carolina is a fault state with no PIP. Here's how optional Medical Payments (MedPay) coverage works, why it matters under the state's strict contributory negligence rule, and why your own insurer can't take it back.

6 min read South Carolina

PIP and med-pay rules in South Carolina

South Carolina requires no personal injury protection, so med-pay is optional and your bills get paid through the at-fault driver's liability, UM, or UIM coverage. Here are the exact rules, limits, and deadlines.

6 min read Ohio

PIP and med-pay rules in Ohio

Ohio has no personal injury protection. Here's how medical bills actually get paid after an Ohio crash, from optional MedPay to the at-fault driver's liability, with the statutes that govern each step.

6 min read Pennsylvania

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, every auto policy includes at least $5,000 of no-fault medical coverage that pays regardless of fault. Here are the exact rules, limits, and deadlines that govern it.

6 min read New Jersey

PIP and med-pay rules in New Jersey

New Jersey folds first-party medical coverage into mandatory PIP, not a separate med-pay line. Here are the exact limits, deductibles, deadlines, and exceptions that apply after a crash.

6 min read Oklahoma

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Oklahoma

Oklahoma is an at-fault state with no PIP requirement. Here's how Med-Pay and uninsured motorist coverage actually work, plus the anti-subrogation rule that lets you keep your Med-Pay benefits.

6 min read New Mexico

PIP and MedPay rules in New Mexico

New Mexico has no PIP and no no-fault system. This guide explains how MedPay, UM/UIM coverage, and the state's at-fault rules actually cover your medical bills after a crash.

6 min read Kentucky

PIP and med-pay rules in Kentucky

In Kentucky, PIP is called Basic Reparation Benefits and pays up to $10,000 no matter who caused the crash. A 2026 law, HB 627, raised the wage and funeral caps and changed how medical bills are paid.

6 min read New York

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in New York

New York is a no-fault state, so your own PIP coverage pays your medical bills and lost wages first. Here are the exact limits, deadlines, and the serious-injury rule that decides when you can sue.

6 min read Nevada

PIP and med-pay rules in Nevada

Nevada is a fault state with no personal injury protection. Medical payments coverage is the optional stand-in, and its rules on offers, deadlines, and stacking work differently from no-fault PIP.

6 min read Louisiana

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Louisiana

Louisiana doesn't have PIP or no-fault coverage, so your crash bills flow through fault-based claims, optional Med-Pay, health insurance, and UM/UIM. Here's how each works and the state rules that decide how much you recover.

6 min read Nebraska

PIP and med-pay rules in Nebraska

Nebraska has no PIP and doesn't require med-pay, so after a crash the at-fault driver's liability coverage pays. Here's how Nebraska's rules decide who covers your medical bills, cited to the statutes.

6 min read Missouri

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Missouri

Missouri isn't a no-fault state and doesn't require PIP. Here's how optional med-pay coverage actually works, what the state makes you carry, and why Missouri law usually lets you keep your med-pay on top of your injury recovery.

6 min read Mississippi

PIP and MedPay rules in Mississippi

Mississippi is a fault state with no personal injury protection. This guide covers MedPay, the made-whole subrogation rule, UM/UIM, and the deadlines that decide who covers your crash injuries.

6 min read New Hampshire

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in New Hampshire

New Hampshire isn't a no-fault state, so there's no PIP. What state law does require is Medical Payments coverage, and its rules on the $1,000 minimum, no-fault payment, and non-subrogation are set by statute.

6 min read Massachusetts

PIP & Med-Pay rules in Massachusetts

In Massachusetts your own auto policy pays first, through $8,000 of no-fault PIP. Here is how PIP and optional Med-Pay actually work, with the numbers and deadlines set by state law.

6 min read Montana

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Montana

Montana has no PIP and no no-fault system, so how do crash victims get their medical bills paid? A plain-language guide to MedPay, UM/UIM, subrogation, and the deadlines, with statute citations.

6 min read Michigan

PIP and Med-Pay Rules in Michigan

Michigan doesn't have traditional Med-Pay. PIP is the coverage that pays your medical bills and lost wages after a crash, and the 2019 reform changed the numbers and the deadlines that decide what you actually collect.

6 min read Iowa

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Iowa

Iowa is an at-fault state with no PIP requirement. Here's what MedPay actually covers, why uninsured/underinsured coverage is your real safety net, and the deadlines that apply, each cited to the Iowa Code.

6 min read Maryland

PIP and Med-Pay rules in Maryland

Maryland requires insurers to offer at least $2,500 in PIP that pays regardless of fault. Here are the exact Maryland rules, deadlines, and waiver traps.

6 min read Illinois

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Illinois

Illinois is a fault state with no PIP, so medical bills after a crash run through optional Med-Pay coverage, your health insurance, and a claim against the at-fault driver. Here's how each piece works and the deadlines that apply.

6 min read Minnesota

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Minnesota

Minnesota is a no-fault state, so your own auto policy pays your first medical bills and lost wages after a crash. Here are the exact PIP limits, deadlines, and the threshold that lets you sue the at-fault driver.

6 min read Indiana

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Indiana

Indiana doesn't have PIP. This guide covers what optional med-pay actually pays for, how it works with your health insurance and the at-fault driver's policy, and the Indiana statutes that cap what you have to pay back.

6 min read Maine

PIP & Med-Pay Rules in Maine

Maine has no PIP and no no-fault system. The coverage that pays your first medical bills is a mandatory $2,000 med-pay, and its rules are strict and specific.

6 min read