The Williams flexion versus McKenzie extension debate in low back exercise

The Williams Flexion Versus McKenzie Extension Debate in Low Back Pain Management

The Williams flexion versus McKenzie extension debate represents a foundational conflict in physical therapy regarding the optimal directional preference for exercises to treat low back pain. While Williams advocated for flexion-based movements to reduce lumbar lordosis, McKenzie promoted extension to centralize pain, a dichotomy that continues to influence modern practice.